Chemical
Hygiene Policy
Hazard Communication Training
Reference: 29 CFR 1910.1200
Questions regarding the preparation and implementation of this
written Hazard Communication Program (HCP) should be directed to the Safety Office
496-2457.
Table of Contents
1.0 - Purpose
2.0 - Content of the Written
Program
3.0 - Access to Written Program
4.0 - Employee Responsibility
5.0 - Hazard Determination Policy
6.0 - Labeling System
7.0 - Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
8.0
- Hazardous Materials Inventory Lists
9.0 - Employee Information and Training
Program
10.0 - Definitions
11.0 - Regulations
Hazard Communication Program
1.0 Purpose
The purpose of the Hazard Communication Program
is to educate and inform BYU-Idaho employees of the chemical substances
that may be encountered in their daily operations. This program is
in compliance with OSHA regulations, 29 CFR 1910.1200 requiring the
establishment of this program.
BYU-Idaho is firmly committed to providing a safe and healthy
work environment for each of its employees and students. It is recognized that some job-related
procedures and other essential scholastic activities frequently require the use of
chemicals which may have hazardous properties. When using these chemicals, it is important
that employees and students are aware of the identity and hazardous properties of such chemicals,
as well as what protective measures are available, since
an informed person is more likely to be careful. Therefore, a written Hazard
Communication Program has been prepared for BYU-Idaho.
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2.0 Content of
the Written Program.
The University's written Hazard Communication Program
establishes uniform requirements to assure that the hazards of all
chemicals used on campus are evaluated, and that the resultant information
is available to the employees.
The following are the requirements of the Hazard Communication Program,
as established by OSHA in 29 CFR 1910.1200:
- Develop, implement and maintain a written
program.
- Evaluate the chemicals and materials used in
the facility.
- Obtain or develop a Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for each hazardous chemical or material produced or imported.
- Ensure that each container of hazardous chemical
or material is labeled, tagged or marked to identify the contents,
along with any applicable hazard warnings.
- Provide employees with effective information
and training on the hazardous chemicals in the work area. This
training is to be well documented as to date, type and contents of the
training, as well as the testing method of understanding.
- The contents of the program must be readily
available to any and all employees and visitors.
The program provides instructions for
non-university employers (e.g., contractors) regarding the hazards their employees may be exposed to when
working in or around certain areas on the BYU-Idaho campus.
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3.0 Access to the
Written Program
Access to this written Hazard Communication Program is available
to employees, their designated representatives, the Assistant Secretary of Labor for
Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA), and the Director of the National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) through the BYU-Idaho Safety Department,
or the Safety Department web page incorporated within the
BYU-Idaho web site.
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4.0 Employee Responsibility
The success of a written Hazard Communication Program, to a great
extent, depends on the cooperation of every employee. Employees should be alert to the
potential hazards of all the materials in their department or work area. They should
consult the material safety data sheets (MSDSs) for specific information concerning
hazardous chemicals with which they may work, and should follow appropriate work practices
that have been established to protect their health and safety. Active employee
participation in the Hazard Communication Program will result in the continuous reduction
of chemical-related illnesses and injuries at BYU-Idaho.
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5.0 Hazard
Determination Policy.
5.1 Any chemical listed in 29 CFR 1910, Subpart Z, Toxic and
Hazardous Chemicals; the Threshold Limit Values for Chemicals and Physical Agents in the
Work Environment published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), the Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology
Program (NPT); or Monographs published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer
(IARC) will be considered a health or physical hazard.
5.2 Any human epidemiological study, individual case report or
animal toxicological testing which indicates that a material presents a health hazard,
will be considered hazardous, provided that the study indicated an adverse health effect
that is likely to occur, that the results are statistically significant, and that the
study was conducted in accordance with scientific principles.
5.3 Every hazardous chemical present in a department or work area
must be listed on the "Hazardous Chemicals Inventory".
5.4 The identity of the chemical appearing on the "Hazardous
Chemicals Inventory" must be the same name that appears on the manufacturer's label,
in-house label, and the MSDS for that chemical.
5.5 The "Hazardous Chemicals inventory" shall be placed
with the MSDSs maintained for each department or work area and shall be accessible for
inspection whenever workers are present.
5.6 The "Hazardous Chemicals Inventory" must be updated
whenever necessary to accurately reflect all the hazardous chemicals that are present in
the department or work area.
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6.0 Labeling System.
6.1 No hazardous chemicals will be accepted for use or used at
BYU-Idaho or shipped to any other location unless labeled with at least the following
information:
6.1.1 Identity of the hazardous chemical(s).
6.1.2 Appropriate hazard warnings.
6.1.3 Name and address of the chemical manufacturer, importer, or
distributer.
6.2 All labels must be legible, in English, and prominently
displayed on the container.
6.3 If the hazardous chemical is regulated by OSHA in a
chemical-specific health standard, the label used must be in accordance with the
requirements of that standard.
6.4 In certain situations involving individual stationary process
containers, the label may be replaced by a sign, placard, process sheet, batch ticket, or
other means to convey the identity of the hazardous chemical and the appropriate hazard
warnings. If these other forms of warning are used, they must be readily accessible to
employees in their department or work area during each work shift.
6.5 The Federal Hazard Communication Standard does not require a
label to be placed on portable containers into which hazardous chemicals are transferred
from labeled containers, and which are intended only for the immediate use of the employee
who performs the transfer. however, by labeling the portable container appropriately you
can help prevent the accidental misuse of the material by others.
6.6 Any portable container of hazardous chemicals not intended
for immediate use must be labeled with the appropriate in-house label containing the
information specified in "A" above.
6.7 Employees with questions concerning the appropriate in house
label to use when transferring a hazardous material from one container to another
container should contact the department or work area supervisor immediately.
6.8 In-house labels that are used by a department shall comply
with the federal requirements to identify the material and give the appropriate hazard
warnings.
6.9 All in-house labels must be reviewed whenever it is necessary
to update the label information and to determine whether the label conveys the appropriate
hazard warnings for the material identified on the label.
6.10 No label is to be defaced or removed unless the container is
immediately marked with the required information. No employee should remove any label
unless specifically directed to do so by the supervisor. Any container without a label
should be reported immediately to the department or work area supervisor.
6.11 The identity of the material that appears on the
manufacturer's labels or the in-house label must be the same name to identify the material
on the "Hazardous Chemicals Inventory" and the MSDS for the chemical.
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7.0 Material
Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).
7.1 A material safety data sheet (MSDS) contains the information
required by the Federal Hazard Communication Standard and must be kept for each chemical
listed on the "Hazardous Chemicals Inventory". The MSDS must be the most current
one supplied by the chemical manufacturer, importer, or distributer.
7.2 The MSDSs shall be maintained with the "Hazardous
Chemicals Inventory" by each department or work area and must be readily accessible
to any employee at any time during the work shift. MSDS may be stored electronically, on
microfiche or by other alternatives to paper as long as no barrier to immediate employee
access is created by such options.
7.3 No hazardous material should be used in the department or
work area unless an MSDS has been obtained for it and the MSDS is kept on file. The
Receiving Department has been instructed not to receive any hazardous chemical that is not
accompanied by a MSDS or for which a MSDS is not already on file.
7.4 If any new and significant health information becomes
available concerning any hazardous material listed on the "Hazardous Chemicals
Inventory", a revised MSDS will be placed in the MSDS file, and the employees who
handle or might be exposed to the chemical will be notified of any changes in work
procedures or personal protective equipment required to protect their health and safety.
7.5 In a department or work area where it may be more appropriate
to address the hazards of a process rather than individual hazardous chemicals, MSDSs may
be kept in the form of operating procedures and may be designed to cover groups of
hazardous chemicals. However, in such cases, all required information must be provided for
each hazardous chemical, in a form that is readily accessible during each work shift to
employees when they are in their department or work area.
7.6 MSDSs will also be made readily available, upon request, to
designated representatives of employees, the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational
Safety and Health, and the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health.
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8.0
Hazardous Materials Inventory Lists
8.1
Chemistry Laboratory Storage
9.0
Employee Information And Training Program.
9.1 All employees working with or potentially exposed to
hazardous chemicals or non-routine tasks must be appropriately informed and trained
concerning the potential hazards of the chemicals or non-routine tasks to which they may
be exposed.
9.1.1Employee information includes:
9.1.1.1 The requirements of the Federal Hazard Communication
Standard.
9.1.1.2 Any operations in their department or work area where
hazardous chemicals are present or non-routine tasks are performed.
9.1.1.3 The location and availability of the written hazard
Communication Program for the department or work area, required list(s) of hazardous
chemicals, and material safety data sheets (MSDSs) for those hazardous chemicals.
9.1.2 Employee training includes:
9.1.2.1 Methods and observations that may be used to detect the
presence or release of a hazardous chemical in the department or work area (as detected by
monitoring conducted by the College, continuous monitoring devices, visual appearance or
odor of hazardous chemicals when being released, etc.).
9.1.2.2 Information about the physical and health hazards of the
chemicals in the department or work area.
9.1.2.3 The measures employees can take to protect themselves
from these hazards, including specific procedures the college has implemented to protect
employees from exposure to hazardous chemicals, such as appropriate work practices,
emergency procedures, and use of personal protective equipment.
9.1.2.4 The details of the written Hazard Communication Program
developed for the department or work area, including an explanation of the labeling system
and the MSDSs, and how employees can obtain and use this information.
9.2 The assigned safety and health professional, a
representative, or an appointed supervisor is responsible for designing an employee
information and training program for the department or work area. The training program
should consist of pertinent instruction about general hazard communication topics.
9.3 All employees are required to go through the training program
that has been designed for their department or work area. This is to be done in addition
to the college's hazard communication instruction.
9.4 This training program must be given at the time of an
employee's initial assignment to work with or around hazardous chemicals, or whenever a
new hazard or non-routine task is introduced into the department or work area. Periodic
updates and reinforcement may be conducted by informed supervisors and through safety
meetings, when appropriate.
9.5 Before any non-routine task is performed that might involve
exposure to hazardous chemicals, the health and safety professional, a representative
and/or the employee's supervisor must carefully review all potential hazards of the task
with the employee, and must prescribe appropriate work practice procedures.
9.6 Employees must be informed of hazardous chemicals in
unlabeled pipes and of the potential hazards involved in the event of exposure to these
chemicals (e.g., maintenance work, system failure). The information provided must include
MSDSs and other specific information presented in the training program for employees.
These MSDSs must be readily available.
9.7 As part of the contractual arrangement between any outside
contractor and the college, the contractor must list all hazardous chemicals that are to
be used by the contractor's employees and insure that proper training concerning the
potential hazards of the chemicals to which they may be exposed has been conducted.
Furthermore, prior to beginning work on college property all contractors shall be advised
of the written Hazard Communication Program for the area in which they may work. The
particular hazards associated with the work area shall be identified. The MSDSs for the
hazardous chemicals located in the department or work area shall be available to the
contractor, and the appropriate protective measures outlined therein shall be brought to
the attention of the contractor.
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10.0
Definitions.
Absorption means to take in and
make a part of an existing whole, for example, a sponge absorbs water.
Acid means any chemical which
undergoes dissociation in water with the formation of hydrogen ions. Acids have a sour
taste and may cause severe skin burns. They turn litmus paper red and have pH values of 0
to 6.
Acute Effect means an adverse effect on a
human or animal body, that takes place soon after exposure. Examples include dizziness,
nausea, skin rashes, inflammation, tearing of the eyes, unconsciousness, and even death.
Absorption means the condensation and
adhesion of a liquid on the surface of a solid, for example, water will adhere to clay.
Alkali means any chemical substance which
forms soluble soaps with fatty acids. Alkalies are also referred to as bases. They may
cause severe burns to the skin. Alkalies turn litmus paper blue and have pH values from 8
to 14. Also known as caustic.
Anesthetic means a chemical that causes a
total or partial loss of sensation. Overexposure to anesthetics can cause impaired
judgment, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, unconsciousness, and even death. Examples
include alcohol, paint remover, and degreasers.
Asphyxiant means a vapor or gas which can
cause unconsciousness or death by suffocation (lack of oxygen). Most simple asphyxiants
are harmful to the body only when they become so concentrated that they reduce oxygen in
the air (normally about 21%) to dangerous levels (16% or lower). Asphyxiation is one of
the principal potential hazards of working in confined spaces. In addition, some
chemicals like carbon monoxide, function as chemical asphyxiants by reducing the blood's
ability to carry oxygen.
Auto-Ignition means the temperature to which
a closed, or nearly closed container=s temperature must be heated in order that the
flammable liquid, when introduced into the container, will ignite spontaneously or burn.
Boiling Point means the temperature at which
a liquid changes to a vapor state, at a given pressure; usually expressed in degrees
Fahrenheit oat sea level pressure (760 mmHg, or one atmosphere). For mixtures, the initial
boiling point or the boiling range may be given. Flammable materials with low boiling
points generally present special fire hazards.
Carcinogen means a substance or agent that
can cause a growth of abnormal tissue or tumors in humans or animals. A material
identified as an animal carcinogen does not necessarily cause cancer in humans. Examples
of human carcinogens include coal tar, which can cause skin cancer, and vinyl chloride,
which can cause liver cancer.
CAS Chemical Abstracts Service refers to a
Columbus, Ohio organization which indexes information published in Chemical Abstracts by
the American Chemical Society and provides index guides by which information about
particular substances may be located in the Abstracts when needed. CAS numbers identify
specific chemicals.
CERCLA means the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980. The act requires that the Coast Guard
National Response Center be notified in the event of a hazardous substance release. The
act also provides for a fund (the Superfund) to be used for the clean up of abandoned
hazardous waste disposal sites.
CFR means the Code of Federal Regulations. A
collection of the regulations that have been promulgated under U.S. law.
Chemical Name means the scientific
designation of a chemical in accordance with the nomenclature system as developed by the
international Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) or the Chemical Abstracts
Services (CAS) rules of nomenclature.
Chronic Effects means an adverse effect on a
human or animal body, that can take months or years to develop after exposure. Examples
include cancer and irreversible damage to certain organs.
Chronic Exposure means long-term contact with
a substance.
Combustible means able to catch on fire and
burn.
Combustible Liquid means any liquid having a
flashpoint at or above 100F (37.8C), but Liquid below 200F (93.3C), except any mixture
having components with flashpoints of 200F (93.3C) or higher, the total volume of which
make up ninety-nine percent (99%) or more of the total volume of the mixture.
Compressed Gas means: (1) Any gas or mixture
of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70F (21.1C); or
(2) a gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 104
psi at 130F (54.4C) regardless of the pressure at 70F (21.1C); or (3) a liquid having a
vapor pressure exceeding 40 psi at 100F (37.8C) as determined by ASTM D-323-72.
Concentration means the relative amount of a
substance when combined or mixed with other substances. Examples: 2 ppm hydrogen sulfide
in air, or a 50 percent caustic solution.
Corrosive (As defined by DOT), means a
corrosive material is a liquid or solid that causes visible destruction or irreversible
alterations in human skin tissue at the site of contact or - in the case of leakage from
its packaging - a liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel. Two common examples
are caustic soda and sulfuric acid.
Decomposition means a breakdown of a material
or substance (by heat, chemical reaction, electrolysis, decay, or other processes) into
parts of elements or simpler compounds.
Exothermic means a polymerization reaction
that involves the production of heat. Polymerization See Hazardous Polymerization.
Evaporation Rate means the rate at which a
particular material will vaporize (evaporate) when compared to the rate of vaporization of
a known material. The evaporation rate can be useful in evaluating the health and fire
hazards of a material. The known material is usually ethyl ether with a vaporization rate
designated as 1.0. Vaporization rates of other solvents or materials are then classified
as:
FAST evaporating if greater than 3.0
MEDIUM evaporating if 0.8 to 3.0
SLOW evaporating if less than 0.8
Explosive means a chemical that causes a
sudden, almost instantaneous release of pressure, gas, and heat when subject to sudden
shock, pressure, or high temperature.
Exposure means being actually subjected to a
hazardous chemical in the course of employment through any route of entry (inhalation,
ingestion, skin contact, or absorption, etc.). The federal Hazard Communication Standard
also includes both accidental and possible exposures in this definition of exposure.
FIFRA means the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. Under this act regulations administered by EPA require
that certain useful poisons, such as chemical pesticides, sold to the public contain
labels that carry health hazard warnings to protect users.
Flammability means the range of gas or vapor
concentration in air that may ignite Limits or explode if an ignition source is present.
Flammable Gas means: (1) A gas that, at
ambient temperature and pressure, forms a flammable mixture with air at a concentration of
thirteen percent (13%) by volume or less; or (2) a gas that at ambient temperature and
pressure, forms a range of flammable mixtures with air, wider than twelve percent (12%) by
volume, regardless of the lower limit.
Flammable Liquid means any liquid having a
flashpoint below 100 (37.8C), except any mixture having components with flashpoints of
100F (37.8C) or higher, the total of which make up ninety-nine percent (99%) or more of
the total volume of the mixture.
Flammable Solid means a solid, other than a
blasting agent or explosive, as defined in 29 CFR 1910.109(a), that is liable to cause
fire through friction, absorption or moisture, spontaneous chemical change, or retained
heat from manufacturing processing, or which can be ignited readily and when ignited burns
so vigorously and persistently as to create a serious hazard.
Flash Point means the temperature at which a
liquid will give off enough flammable vapor to ignite if an ignition source is present.
There are several flash point test methods, and flash points may vary for the same
material depending on the method used, so the test method is indicated when the flash
point is given (150 PMCC, 200 TCC, etc.).
Hazardous Material means any chemical which
is a physical hazard or a health hazard.
Hazardous Polymerization is a chemical
reaction in which one or more Polymerization small molecules combine to form larger
molecules. A hazardous polymerization is such a reaction which takes place at a rate which
releases large amounts of energy. If hazardous polymerization can occur with a given
material, the MSDS usually will list conditions which could start the reaction; and since
the material usually contains a polymerization inhibitor, the expected time period before
the inhibitor is used up.
Health Hazard means a chemical for which
there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in
accordance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may
occur in exposed employees. The term "health Hazard" includes chemicals which
are carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives,
sensitizes, hepatoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents which act on the hematopoietic
system, and agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.
Ingestion means the taking in of a substance
through the mouth.
Inhalation means the breathing in of a
substance in the form of a gas, vapor, fume, mist, or dust.
Irritant means a substance which, by contact
in sufficient concentration for a sufficient period of time, will cause an inflammatory
response or reaction of the eye, skin, or respiratory system. The contact may be a single
exposure or multiple exposures. Some primary irritants: chromic Acid, nitric acid, sodium
hydroxide, calcium chloride, amines, metallic salts, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ketones,
alcohols.
Lacrimation means secretion and discharge of
tears.
LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50%) means the
concentration of a material in air which, on the basis of laboratory tests, is expected to
kill 50% of a group of test animals when administered as a single exposure (usually 1 or 4
hours). The LC50 is expressed as parts of material per million parts of air, by volume
(ppm) for gases and vapors, or as micrograms of material per liter of air (mg/L) for
milligrams of material per cubic meter of air (mg/m3) for dusts and mists, as well as for
gases and vapors.
LD Lethal Dose means a concentration of a
substance being tested which will kill a test animal.
LD50 (Lethal Dose 50%) means a single dose of
a material which on the basis of laboratory tests is expected to kill 50% of a group of
test animals. The LD50 dose is usually expressed as milligrams or grams of material per
kilogram of animal body weight (mg/kg or g/kg). If a material has a lot LD50, then only a
very small amount is needed to cause an adverse effect and that substance would be
considered highly toxic. Generally, substances with low LD50s have high toxicity and vice
versa.
LEL (Lower Explosive Limit or lower flammable
limit of a vapor or gas) means the lowest concentration (lowest percentage of the
substance in air) that will produce a flash of fire when an ignition source (heat, arc, or
flame) is present. At concentrations lower than the LEL, the mixture is too
"lean" to burn. Also See UEL.
LFL means the Lower Flammable Limit. See LEL.
Local Effect means when toxic effects occur
directly at the point of contact, the material is said to have a local effect.
MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) contains
specific health and safety information required by the Federal Hazard Communication
Standard for any hazardous substance. There is no standard format for a MSDS. They will
vary in length, format, and appearance, depending on the manufacturer or supplier, who
must provide a MSDS for each hazardous chemical they produce.
Mutagen means a material that alters a cell's
genetic information and may lead to undesirable inherited conditions.
Non-routine Task means a predictable task
that occurs infrequently.
OSHA means the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor. Federal agency with safety and health
regulatory and enforcement authorities for most U.S. industry and business.
Oxidizer means a chemical other than a
blasting agent or explosive as defined in 29 CFR 1910.109(a) that initiates or promotes
combustion in other materials, thereby causing fire either of itself or through the
release of oxygen or other gases. Chlorate (ClO3), permanganate (MnO4), and nitrate (NO3)
compounds are examples of oxidizers; note that all contain oxygen (O).
Organic Peroxide means an organic compound
that contains the bivalent -O-O- structure and which may be considered to be a structural
derivative of hydrogen peroxide where one or both of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced
by an organic radical. Some organic peroxides are highly unstable, and my decompose with
explosive force.
PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit) means the
legally enforced exposure limit for a substance established by OSHA regulatory authority.
The PEL indicates the permissible concentration of air contaminants to which nearly all
workers may be repeatedly exposed eight (8) hours a day, forty (40) hours a week, over a
working lifetime (30 years) without adverse health effects.
pH means the symbol relating the hydrogen ion
(H-) concentration to that of a given standard solution. A pH of 7 is neutral. Numbers
increasing from 7 to 14 indicate greater alkalinity. Numbers decreasing from 7 to 0
indicate greater acidity.
Physical Hazard means a chemical for which
there is scientifically valid evidence that it is a combustible liquid, a compressed gas,
explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or
water-reactive.
Poison, Class A A D.O.T. hazard
class for extremely dangerous poisons, that is, poisonous gases or liquids of such nature
that a very small amount of the gas, or vapor of the liquid, mixed with air is dangerous
to life. Some examples: phosgene, cyanogen, hydrocyanic acid, nitrogen peroxide.
Poison, Class B A D.O.T. hazard class
for liquid, solid, paste, or semi-solid substances (other than Class A poisons or
irritating materials) which are known (or presumed on the basis of animal tests) to be so
toxic to man as to afford a hazard to health during transportation. Some examples:
arsenic, beryllium chloride, cyanide, mercuric oxide.
Pyrophoric means a chemical that will ignite
spontaneously in air at a temperature of 130F (54.5C) or below.
Reactivity means a description of the
tendency of a substance to undergo chemical reaction with the release of
energy. Undesirable effects - such as pressure buildup, temperature increase, formation of
noxious, toxic, or corrosive by-products - may occur because of the reactivity of a
substance to heating, burning, direct contact with other materials or other conditions in
use or in storage.
Remote Effect is when a toxic effect occurs
at a body part some distance from the point of contact, the substance is said to have a
remote effect. A remote effect is also know as systemic toxicity.
Routes of Entry is the means by which
material may gain access to the body, for example, inhalation, ingestion, injection, and
skin contact.
Safe Exposure Level means the level of
exposure that will not result in a health hazard.
SCBA Self-contained Breathing Apparatus. A
respiratory protection device that consists of a supply or a means of respirable air,
oxygen, or oxygen generating material, carried by the wearer.
Skin Absorption means the ability of some
hazardous chemicals to pass directly through the skin and enter the bloodstream.
Special Fire means special procedures and/or
personal protective equipment that Fighting are necessary when a particular substance is
involved in a Procedures fire.
Stability means an expression of the ability
of a material to remain unchanged. For MSDS purposes, a material is stable if it remains
in the same form under expected and reasonable conditions of storage or use. Conditions
which may cause instability (Dangerous change) are stated - examples, temperatures above
150F, shock from dropping.
Systemic Toxicity means when a toxic effect
occurs at a body part some distance from the point of contact, the substance is said to
have a systemic effect. Systemic toxicity is also knows as remote effect.
Teratogen means a substance or agent to which
exposure of a pregnant female can result in malformations in the fetus. An example is
thalidomide.
TLV Threshold Limit Value. A term used by
ACGIH to express the airborne concentration of a material to which nearly all persons can
be exposed day after day, without adverse effects. ACGIH expresses TLVs in three ways:
1) TLV-TWA: the allowable time-weighted average
concentration for a normal 8-hour work-day or 40 hour work week.
2) TLV-STEL: The short-term exposure limit or
maximum concentration for a continuous 15-minute period (maximum of four such periods per
day, with at least 60 minutes between exposure periods and provided that the daily TLV-TWA
is not exceeded).
3) TLV-C: the ceiling limit - the concentration that
should not be exceeded even instantaneously.
Toxic Substance means any substance which can
cause acute or chronic injury to the human body, or which is suspected of being able to
cause diseases or injury under some conditions.
Toxicology means the science that studies the
harmful effects of chemicals on living things.
Trade Secret means any confidential formula
pattern, process, device, information or compilation of information that is used in an
employer's business, and that gives the employer an opportunity to obtain an advantage
over competitors who do not know or use it.
TWA Time-weighted Average Exposure. ACGIH
terminology. See TLV.
UEL Upper Explosive Limit or upper flammable
limit of a vapor or gas. The highest concentration (highest percentage of the substance in
air) that will produce a flash of fire when an ignition source (heat, arc, or flame) is
present. At higher concentrations, the mixture is too "rich" to burn. Also see
LEL.
Waste Disposal means the proper disposal
methods for contaminated material, recovered Methods liquids or solids and their
containers.
Water Reactive means a chemical that reacts
with water to release a gas that is either flammable or presents a health hazard. Also
denoted dangerous when wet.
Table
of Contents
11.0 Regulations
29
CFR 1910.1200 - Hazardous Communications
29
CFR 1910.1201 - Retention of DOT Markings, Placards and Labels