Chapter 11 Properties of Solutions
11.1 Solution Composition
11.2 The Energies of Solution Formation
11.3 Factors Affecting Solubility
11.4 The Vapor Pressures of Solutions
11.5 Boiling-Point Elevation and Freezing-Point Depression
11.6 Osmotic Pressure
11.7 Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions
11.8 Colloids
Chapter 12 Chemical Kinetics
12.1 Reaction Rates
12.2 Rate Laws: An Introduction
12.3 Determining the Form of the Rate Law
12.4 The Integrated Rate Law
12.5 Rate Laws: A Summary
12.6 Reaction Mechanisms
12.7 A Model for Chemical Kinetics
12.8 Catalysis
Chapter 13 Chemical Equilibrium
13.1 The Equilibrium Condition
13.2 The Equilibrium Constant
13.3 Equilibrium Expressions Involving Pressures
13.4 Heterogeneous Equilibria
13.5 Applications of the Equilibrium Constant
13.6 Solving Equilibrium Problems
13.7 Le Chatelier's Principle
Chapter 14 Acids and Bases
14.1 The Nature of Acids and Bases
14.2 Acid Strength
14.3 The pH Scale
14.4 Calculating the pH of Strong Acid Solutions
14.5 Calculating the pH of Weak Acid Solutions
14.6 Bases
14.7 Polyprotic Acids
14.8 Acid-Base Properties of Salts
14.9 The Effect of Structure on Acid-Base Properties
14.10 Acid-Base Properties of Oxides
14.11 The Lewis Acid-Base Model
14.12 Strategy for Solving Acid-Base Problems: A Summary
Chapter 15 Applications of Aqueous Equilibria
Acid-Base Equilibria
15.1 Solutions of Acids or Bases Containing a Common Ion
15.2 Buffered Solutions
15.3 Buffer Capacity
15.4 Titrations and pH Curves
15.5 Acid-Base Indicators
Solubility Equilibria
15.6 Solubility Equilibria and the Solubility Product
15.7 Precipitation and Qualitative Analysis
Complex Ion Equilibria
15.8 Equilibria Involving Complex Ions
Chapter 16 Spontaneity, Entropy, and Free Energy
16.1 Spontaneous Processes and Entropy
16.2 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
16.3 The Effect of Temperature on Spontaneity
16.4 Free Energy
16.5 Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions
16.6 Free Energy and Chemical Reactions
16.7 The Dependence of Free Energy on Pressure
16.8 Free Energy and Equilibrium
16.9 Free Energy and Work
Chapter 17 Electrochemistry
17.1 Galvanic Cells
17.2 Standard Reduction Potential
17.3 Cell Potential, Electrical Work, and Free Energy
17.4 Dependence of Cell Potential on Concentration
17.5 Batteries
17.6 Corrosion
17.7 Electrolysis
17.8 Commercial Electrolytic Processes
Chapter 18 The Nucleus: A Chemist's View
18.1 Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay
18.2 The Kinetics of Radioactive Decay
18.3 Nuclear Transformations
18.4 Detection and Uses of Radioactivity
18.5 Thermodynamic Stability of the Nucleus
18.6 Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion
18.7 Effects of Radiation
Chapter 19 The Representative Elements: Groups 1A Through 4A
19.1 A Survey of the Representative Elements
19.2 The Group 1A Elements
19.3 Hydrogen
19.4 The Group 2A Elements
19.5 The Group 3A Elements
19.6 The Group 4A Elements
Chapter 20 The Representative Elements: Groups 5A Through 8A
20.1 The Group 5A Elements
20.2 The Chemistry of Nitrogen
20.3 The Chemistry of Phosphorus
20.4 The Group 6A Elements
20.5 The Chemistry of Oxygen
20.6 The Chemistry of Sulfur
20.7 The Group 7A Elements
20.8 The Group 8A Elements
Chapter 21 Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry
21.1 The Transition Metals: A Survey
21.2 The First-Row Transition Metals
21.3 Coordination Compounds
21.4 Isomerism
21.5 Bonding in Complex Ions: The Localized Electron Model
21.6 The Crystal Field Model
21.7 The Biologic Importance of Coordination Complexes
21.8 Metallurgy and Iron and Steel Production
Chapter 22 Organic and Biological Molecules
22.1 Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons
22.2 Alkenes and Alkynes
22.3 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
22.4 Hydrocarbon Derivatives
22.5 Polymers
22.6 Natural Polymers