Chem. 106 Course Topics (before 2005)
General Chemistry, 7th Edition
Whitten, Davis, Peck, Stanley
(Thomson)
Chemistry 106: Chapter 15-26
2000-2005
15 Chemical Thermodynamics
Heat Changes and Thermochemistry
15-1 The First Law of Thermodynamics
15-2 Some Thermodynamic Terms
15-3 Enthalpy Changes
15-4 Calorimetry
15-5 Thermochemical Equations
15-6 Standard States and Standard Enthalpy Changes
15-7 Standard Moalr Enthalpies of Formation, ΔHf°
15-8 Hess's Law
15-9 Bond Energies
15-10 Changes in Internal Energy, ΔE
15-11 Relationship Between ΔH and ΔE
Spontaneity of Physical and Chemical Changes
15-12 The Two Aspects of Spontaneity
15-13 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
15-14 Entropy, S
15-15 Free Energy Change, ΔG, and Spontaneity
15-16 The Temperature Dependence of Spontaneity
16 Chemical Kinetics
16-1 The Rate of a Reaction
Factors that Affect Reaction Rates
16-2 Nature of the Reactants
16-3 Concentration of Reactants: The Rate-Law Expression
16-4 Concentration Versus Time: The Integrated Rate Equation
- First-Order Reactions
- Second-Order Reactions
- Zero-Order Reaction
16-5 Collision Theory of Reaction Rates
16-6 Transition State Theory
16-7 Reaction Mechanisms and the Rate-Law Expression
16-8 Temperature: The Arrhenius Equation
16-9 Catalysts
- Homogeneous Catalysis
- Heterogeneous Catalysis
- Enzymes as Biological Catalysts
17 Chemical Equilibrium
17-1 Basic Concepts
17-2 The Equilibrium Constant
17-3 Variation of Kc with the Form of the Balanced Equation
17-4 The Reaction Quotient
17-5 Uses of the Equilibrium Constant, Kc
17-6 Disturbing a System at Equilibrium: Predictions
- Changes in Concentration
- Changes in Volume and Pressure
- Changes in Temperature
- Addition of a Catalyst
17-7 The Haber Process: A Practical Application of Equilibrium
17-8 Disturbing a System at Equilibrium: Calculations
17-9 Partial Pressures and the Equilibrium Constant
17-10 Relationship Between Kp and Kc
17-11 Heterogeneous Equilibria
17-12 Relationship Between ΔGrxn° and the Equilibrium Constant
17-13 Evaluation of Equilibrium Constants at Different Temperatures
18 Ionic Equilibria I: Acids and Bases
18-1 A Review of Strong Electrolytes
18-2 The Autoionization of Water
18-3 The pH and pOH Scales
18-4 Ionization Constants for Weak Monoprotic Acids and Bases
18-5 Polyprotic Acids
18-6 Solvolysis
18-7 Salts of Strong Bases and Strong Acids
18-8 Salts of Strong Bases and Weak Acids
18-9 Salts of Weak Bases and Strong Acids
18-10 Salts of Weak Bases and Weak Acids
- Salts of Weak Bases and Weak Acids for Which Kb=Ka
- Salts of Weak Bases and Weak Acids for Which Kb>Ka
- Salts of Weak Bases and Weak Acids for Which Kba
18-11 Salts that Contain /Small, Highly Charged Cations
19 Ionic Equilibria II: Buffers and Titration Curves
19-1 The Common Ion Effect and Buffer Solutions
- Weak Acids Plus Salts of Weak Acids
- Weak Bases Plus Salts of Weak Bases
19-2 Buffering Action
- Solutions of a Weak Acid and a Salt of the Weak Acid
- Solutions of a Weak Base and a Salt of the Weak Base
19-3 Preparation of Buffer Solutions
19-4 Acid-Base Indicators
Titration Curves
19-5 Strong Acid/Strong Base Titration Curves
19-6 Weak Acid/Strong Base Titration Curves
19-7 Weak Acid/ Weak Base Titration Curves
19-8 Summary of Acid-Base Calculations
20 Ionic Equilibria III: The Solubility Product Principle
20-1 Solubility Product Constants
20-2 Determination of solubility Product Constants
20-3 Uses of Solubility Product Constants
- The Common Ion Effect in Solubility Calculations
- The Reaction Quotient in Precipitation Reactions
20-4 Fractional Precipitation
20-5 Simultaneous Equilibria Involving Slightly Soluble Compounds
20-6 Dissolving Precipitates
- Converting and Ion to a Weak Electrolyte
- Converting an Ion to Another Species by a Redox Reaction
- Complex Ion Formation
21 Electrochemistry
21-1 Electrical Conduction
21-2 Electrodes
Electrolytic Cells
21-3 The Electrolysis of Molten Sodium Chloride (the Downs Cell)
21-4 The Electrolysis of Aqueous Sodium Chloride
21-5 the Electrolysis of Aqueous Sodium Sulfate
21-6 Counting Electrons: Coulometry and Faraday's Law of Electrolysis
21-7 Commercial Applications of Electrolytic Cells
Voltaic of Galvanic Cells
21-8 The construction of Simple Voltaic Cells
21-9 The Zinc-Copper Cell
21-10 The Copper-Silver Cell
Standard Electrode Potentials
21-11 The Standard Hydrogen Electrode
21-12 The Zinc-SHE Cell
21-13 The Copper-SHE Cell
21-14 Standard Electrode Potentials
21-15 Uses of Standard Electrode Potentials
21-16 Standard Electrode Potentials for Other Half-Reactions
21-17 Corrosion
21-18 Corrosion Protection
Effect of Concentrations (or Partial Pressures) on Electrode Potentials
21-19 The Nernst Equation
21-20 Using Electrochemical Cells to Determine Concentrations
21-21 The Relationship of Ecell° to ΔG° and K
Primary Voltaic Cells
21-23 The Lead Storage Battery
21-24 The Nickel-Cadmium (Nicad) Cell
21-25 The Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cell
22 Metals I: Metallurgy
Metals
22-1 Occurrence of the Metals
Metallurgy
22-2 Pretreatment of Ores
22-3 Reduction to the Free Metals
22-4 Refining of Metals
Metallurgies of Specific Metals
22-5 Magnesium
22-6 Aluminum
22-7 Iron
22-8 Copper
22-9 Gold
23 Metals II: Properties and Reactions
23 The Alkali Metals (Group IA)
23-1 Group IA Metals: Properties and Occurrence
23-2 Reactions of the Group IA Metals
23-3 Uses of Group IA Metals and Their Compounds
The Alkaline Earth Metals (Group IIA)
23-4 Group IIA Metals: Properties and Occurrence
23-5 Reactions of the Group IIA Metals
23-6 Uses of Group IIA Metals and Their Compounds
The Post-Transition Metals
23-8 General Properties
23-9 Oxidation States
23-10 Chromium Oxides, Oxyanions, and Hydroxides
24 Some Nonmetals and Metalloids
The Noble Gases (Group VIIIA)
24-1 Occurrence, Uses and Properties
24-2 Xenon Compounds
The Halogens (Group VIIA)
24-3 Properties
24-4 Occurrence, Production, and Uses
24-5 Reactions of the Free Halogens
24-6 The Hydrogen Halides and Hydrohalic Acids
24-7 The Oxoacids (Ternary Acids) of the Halogens
Sulfur, Selenium and Tellurium
24-8 Occurrence, Properties, and Uses
24-9 Reaction of Group VIA Elements
24-10 Hydrides of Group VIA Elements
24-11 Group VIA Oxides
24-12 Oxoacids of Sulfur
Nitrogen and Phosphorus
24-13 Occurrence of Nitrogen
24-14 Hydrogen Compounds of Nitrogen
24-15 Nitrogen Oxides
24-16 Some Oxoacids of Nitrogen and Their Salts
24-17 Phosphorus
Silicon
24-18 Silicon and the Silicates
25 Coordination Compounds
25-1 Coordination Compounds
25-2 Ammine Complexes
25-3 Important Terms
25-4 Nomenclature
25-5 Structures
Isomerism in Coordination Compounds
25-6 Structural (Constitutional)
25-7 Stereoisomers
Bonding in Coordination Compounds
25-8 Crystal Field Theory
25-9 Color and the Spectrochemical Series
26 Nuclear Chemistry
26-1 The Nucleus
26-2 Neutron-Proton Ratio and Nuclear Stability
26-3 Nuclear Stability and Binding Energy
26-4 Radioactive Decay
26-5 Equations for Nuclear Reactions
26-6 Neutron-Rich Nuclei (Above the Band of Stability)
26-7 Neutron-Poor Nuclei (Below the Band of Stability)
26-8 Nuclei with Atomic Number Greater Then 83
26-9 Detection of Radiation
26-10 Rates of Decay and Half-Life
26-11 Disintegration Series
26-12 Uses of Radionuclides
26-13 Artificial Transmutation of Elements
26-14 Nuclear Fission
26-15 Nuclear Fission Reactors
26-16 Nuclear Fusion
27 Organic Chemistry I: Formulas, Names, and Properties
Saturated Hydrocarbons
27-1 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
27-2 Naming Saturated Hydrocarbons
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
27-3 Alkenes
27-4 Alkynes
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
27-5 Benzene
27-6 Other Aromatic Hydrocarbons
27-7 Hydrocarbons: A Summary
Functional Groups
27-8 Organic Halides
27-9 Alcohols and Phenols
27-10 Ethers
27-11 Aldehydes and Ketones
27-12 Amines
27-13 Carboxylic Acids
27-14 Some Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids
27-15 Summary of Functional Groups
Fundamental Classes of Organic Reactions
27-16 Substitution Reactions
27-17 Addition Reactions
27-18 Elimination Reactions
27-19 Polymerization Reactions
28 Organic Chemistry II: Shapes, Selected Reactions, and Biopolymers
Shapes of Organic Molecules
28-1 Constitutional Isomers
28-2 Stereoisomers
28-3 Conformations
Selected Reactions
28-4 Reactions of Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
28-5 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
28-6 Formation of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
28-7 Hydrolysis of Esters
Biopolymers
28-8 Carbohydrates
28-9 Polypeptides and Proteins
28-10 Nucleic Acids